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Abū Dhar al-Ghifari al-Kinani (), also Jundub ibn Junādah ibn Sufian (), was the fourth or fifth person converting to Islam. He belonged to the Banu Ghifar, the Kinanah tribe. No date of birth is known. He died in 652 CE, at al-Rabadha, in the desert east of Medina. Abu Dhar is remembered for his strict piety and also his opposition to Muawiyah I during the caliph Uthman ibn Affan era. He is venerated by Shia Muslims as one of The Four Companions, early Muslims who were followers (Shi'a) of Ali (Ali ibn Abi Talib). He was one of the Muhajirun.〔(The Mirror of all the Prophets as Shown by The Hadith of Similitude )〕 He was regarded by many, including Ali Shariati, as the first Islamic socialist or the first socialist altogether, having first been referred to as such by the Arab scholar Ahmad Rida in 1910. ==Early life== Little is known of his life before his conversion to Islam.〔(Molloy )(), ''Experiencing the World's Religions: Traditions, Challenge, and Change, Sixth Edition'', 2009, p. 853〕 Abu Dhar is said to have been a serious young man, an ascetic and a monotheist even before he converted. He was born to the Ghifar clan, found to the western south of Medina.〔Watt, ''Muhammad at Medina'', 1956, p. 81〕 Abu Dhar was apparently typical of the early converts to Islam, described by Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri as "young men and weak people".〔cited in Watt, ''Muhammad at Mecca'', 1953, p. 87〕 They were a branch of the Banu Kinanah tribe. Quraysh clan of Muhammad was also a branch of the Banu Kinanah tribe. Popular accounts of Abu Dhar〔(Islam Online )〕 say that his tribe lived by pillaging caravans, but that he preferred to live a poor but honest life as a shepherd. Having heard the supposition that a new prophet had arisen in Mecca, Abu Dhar and his brother travelled to Mecca to find the prophet. The young seeker converted instantly and rushed out to declare his new faith in front of the Kaaba, which at that time was a pagan temple. He was beaten for his religious belief. He did this three days in a row, after which the Prophet Muhammed told him to return to his clan, where he taught his people about Islam. He and his tribe then joined Muhammad after the Hijra, or migration to Medina in 622 CE. This seems to be a simplified account of stories reported in these hadiths, , and . According to the early Islamic historian Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Abu Dhar claimed to have been the fourth or fifth convert to Islam. However, Saad bin Abe Waqqas made the same claim. While the exact order of conversion may never be established, no one doubts that he was a very early convert. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abu Dhar al-Ghifari」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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